Cronos

    Movie Poster
    Release year
    1993
    Director
    Guillermo del Toro
    Biography of director(s)
    Guillermo del Toro was born on October 9, 1964, in Guadalajara, Mexico. Raised by Catholic parents, he gained an interest in filmmaking at an early age and was inspired by the 1973 horror film The Exorcist. His first feature was supposed to be stop-motion, and he and his team built sets and about 100 puppets over a three-year period before creating the film. Sadly, vandals broke into the studio, destroying the set and putting an end to this project. This caused del Toro to pivot to live-action films, where he created Cronos. Since then, he has gone on to win a multitude of prestigious awards, including two Oscars, two British Academy Film Awards, and one Golden Globe award. His work is characterized by referencing fairy tales with horror elements, the incorporation of horror into poetic beauty a strong connection to fairy tales and horror, and themes of Catholicism.
    Country
    Mexico
    Original synopsis of the film

    An Alchemist creates a device that grants the user eternal life but curses them with a thirst for blood in the 1500s. In 1937, a building collapses killing the Alchemist because it pierces his heart, which is the only way to kill someone who has used the device. Jesus Gris, who runs a small shop that sells antique and vintage items, has a statue that is of an angel that holds this device. He removes the device and sets it aside, then later a burly man named Angel comes into the store in search of the angel, which he purchases. Later, Jesus and his grand daughter, Aurora, are looking at the device, which is a small gold device with a stone in the middle, and accidentally triggers it which unfurls its legs and clasps onto Jesus’s hand. Later that night, Jesus discovers that the device reversed his aging and health problems but caused him to develop a thirst for blood, and he uses the device again. As he uses this device, his concerned daughter peers at him from the top of the staircase. The next day, he returns to his shop to learn that it has been ransacked. On the table, there is a card on the floor with the burley man’s name and a location. He pays a visit to the location provided on the card and meets a rich dying businessman who has undergone various health treatments to no avail and has been researching this device in order to reverse his illness and achieve immortality. The businessman has been collecting angel statues in search of this device. Jesus does not give the man the device and claims he does not have it. Later, Jesus with his wife and Aurora go to a new years party, and he steps out after a man starts bleeding heavily. He follows the man to the bathroom where he then attempts to drink his blood from the floor but is then kicked in the head by Angel. The man drags him to a desolate location and attempts to beat the information to the device out of Jesus, who does not give in. The man ultimately ends up pushing Jesus off a cliff. It is revealed that Jesus survived the attack because his heart was not penetrated when the camera briefly shows an empty casket that is being put to be cremated. Jesus, who is believed to be dead by his loved ones, drags himself home and reveals himself to a frightened Aurora. Aurora and Jesus return to the businessman’s quarters, where the businessman offers him a “way out” in exchange for the device. The businessman peels back Jesus’s skin, revealing the same marble skin the Alchemist head in the scene at the beginning of the film. When Jesus hands over the device to the business, the businessman stabs him and attempts to kill him. As the businessman is about to deal the final blow, Aurora hits him in the head with blunt force, leaving him near death. Aurora and Jesus begin their escape, meanwhile Angel steps on the neck of the businessman, killing him. He then follows the two in an attempt to finish the job. The man brutally attacks Jesus, but Jesus who can sustain any injury as long as his heart is intact throws himself off the ledge, killing the man. Aurora uses the device to wake up Jesus, and Jesus is tempted to feed off of her because she is bleeding. Horrified by his temptation, Jesus destroys the device and returns home. He rests in bed and prays that the destruction of the device will free him from its curse.

    Film Awards
    International Critics’ Week grand prize (1994)
    9 Ariel Awards (1993)

    Describes the setting of a scene in a play or a film. It refers to everything placed on the stage or in front of the camera—including people. In other words, mise en scène is a catch-all for everything that contributes to the visual presentation and overall “look” of a production. When translated from French, it means “placing on stage.”

    Setting
    Props
    Prop
    Archangel Statue
    Explanation
    The archangel statue, which has a hole in the eye, has a hollow base that holds the device. It acts as a barrier to the outside world and is characteristic of the Catholic references that del Toro often includes in his films. As Jesus is polishing the device, bugs begin crawling out of the archangel statue, inducing an uneasy feeling in both Aurora and the audience. As the bugs crawl out of the statue, which symbolizes that Jesus is doing something that he should not be doing, Aurora swats at them, causing more to come out. Jesus tells her that "if you provoke them, it will only be worse", which is a nod to how in the film Jesus provokes with the natural timeline of life and mortality, and is faced with the consequences like the curse of the thirst for blood and inability to be in sunlight. The archangel also serves as an interesting juxtaposition between the consequences of the device it holds and the holiness of an angel.
    Film Still
    Bugs crawling out of the statue
    Lighting
    Costume
    Hair and Makeup
    Example
    The skin of the Alchemist and Jesus
    Explanation
    At the beginning of the film, the Alchemist is killed by a collapsing building. The camera pans to the Alchemist and reveals his skin is a pale blue almost white skin and has a marble pattern on it. As Jesus is further along his transformation, and has used the device several times, his skin becomes seemingly rotted. In the final confrontation with the businessman, Jesus comments on his skin, and the businessman peels it off, revealing that underneath his rotting flesh is the same pale blue marble patterned skin that the Alchemist had at the beginning of the film. After throwing himself off the building during the fight with Angel, Jesus is further disfigured and has a more prominent inhuman with a layer of white, desiccated skin growing underneath the human surface. He peels this layer away as Aurora holds him. The manner in which the rotted human skin peels off to reveal the Alchemist skin illustrates how detached from humanity Jesus has become and how futile the pursuit for eternal youth and vitality is. The same special effects makeup was used in the Alchemist and Jesus to illustrate the curse of the device.
    Timecode
    6:33-6:40,1:14:20
    Film Still
    The Alchemist at the beginning of the film when he is killed by the collapse of the building
    Jesus when his skin begins to peel
    Figure Behavior
    Example
    Jesus Feinding for Blood
    Explanation
    At a fancy New Years Event event, a man experiences a heavy nosebleed which immediately catches the attention of Jesus, who has been having cravings for blood. The blood leaks onto the counter as the man attempts to curb the bleeding. After the man finally steps out, Jesus attempts to lick to blood from the counter but stops when a man emerges from the stall and wipes the blood off into the sink. Jesus who was waited for the opportune moment, notices that there is a small puddle of blood on the floor, gets on his hands and knees to lick it. It is a sad and desperate image, that demonstrates the hold that the curse has on him. It illustrates his desperation even for a small quantity of blood and the ecstasy he experiences when he satisfies that craving.
    Timecode
    49:09
    Film Still
    Jesus on the floor of the bathroom satisfying his craving for blood
    Representative Clip

    This is the art of photography and visual storytelling in a motion picture or television show. Cinematography comprises all on-screen visual elements, including lighting, framing, composition, camera motion, camera angles, film selection, lens choices, depth of field, zoom, focus, color, exposure, and filtration. Cinematography sets and supports the overall look and mood of a film’s visual narrative. Each visual element that appears on screen, a.k.a. the mise-en-scène of a film, can serve and enhance the story—so it is the cinematographer’s responsibility to ensure that every element is cohesive and support the story. Filmmakers often choose to spend the majority of their budget on high-quality cinematography to guarantee that the film will look incredible on the big screen.

    Point of View
    Point of View
    Comments
    This film is told from the Indirect subjective point of view, meaning that the story is being told through the perspective of Jesus, but we are not privy to his thoughts or feelings. The audience has to determine what Jesus if feeling through his actions and behavior. For example, in various moments in the film, Jesus is shown to be disheveled and sweating. Though he does not explicitly state that he is craving blood, it can be assumed that he is. This is confirmed in the bathroom when follows the bleeding man into the bathroom. In the scenes where it is clear that he is experiencing the consequences of the curse, the camera angle is close to him so that viewers can see the toll the device has taken on him, and also from an angle below him so that it is intentionally unflattering. This perspective that del Toro utilizes allows us to interpret events through Jesus’s perspective while also allowing for our own inferences.
    Film Still
    Jesus on the staircase sweating and craving blood
    Close up still of Jesus sweating due to craving for blood
    Quality
    Quality
    Comments
    Before Angel goes to purchase the statue on behalf of his grandfather, he pays a visit to him. In this scene, the the businessman resides in a makeshift warehouse that serves as both living quarters and a treatment center. The warehouse is extremely sterile and has dozens of archangel status lining the walls, illustrating the previous attempts at finding the device. The saturation of the warehouse is extremely low, making everything nearly black and white. In the scene, it appears that everything surrounding the subjects is black and white, while only the subject has some color. This illustrates that the subject is dying and contributes to the sterile, lifeless, environment.
    Film Still
    The black and white lighting of the warehouse
    Framing
    Comments
    Del Toro often utilizes a canted or dutch angle, which is when the camera is tilted so that the horizon line is not level, creating a sense of disorientation or unease in this film. Doing so highlights the desperation and disorientation Jesus is experiencing due to the blood cravings from the device that he is experiencing. In this scene, he has awoken in the middle of the night and is sweating profusely falling down the stairs as he tries to repress the thirst for blood.
    Film Still
    Canted angle shot of Jesus falling down stairs
    Scale
    Comments
    In the film, there are various instances of both close-ups and extreme close-ups, however the extreme close-ups are the ones that are the most revealing of Jesus’s mental state. In this scene, he is in the bathroom of his house using the device to prepare for a party. After using the device on his chest, he looks into the mirror and tugs on his eye, what feels like is a way to bring him back down to Earth. This disconnect that he experiences from humanity explains his actions at the New Years party
    Film Still
    Shot of Jesus tugging on his eye
    Movement
    Movement
    Comments
    The camera pans from Jesus, who has just used the device and fallen to the bottom of the stair, to his granddaughter Aurora who is standing at the top of the stairs. The camera pans in an upward motion, and ends up looking down on Jesus but up and Aurora. This makes Jesus appear to be small and demonstrates the shame that Jesus feels to be seen in this situation by his daughter Aurora.
    Film Still
    Shot after the camera pans out

    Editing is the process of putting a film together–the selection and arrangement of shots and scenes. Editing can condense space and time, emphasize separate elements and bring them together, and organize material in such a way that patterns of meaning become apparent. In addition, editing can determine how a film is perceived: for instance, quick, rapid cuts can create a feeling of tension, while a long take can create a more dramatic effect. The first photoplays generally had no cutting, owing to the fact that they were single-reel films; once filming began, you could not stop until the film ran out. (https://filmglossary.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/term/editing/)

    Coherence, Continuity, and Rhythym
    Comments
    The film uses a continuous editing style and rhythm that creates a sound sequence of events the build up to each other and occur in the order show. It is smooth and logical and creates a sense of magical realism which keeps us oriented with the events and emotions the Jesus is experiencing. Even in the two fight sequences, there are not any jarring cuts and things remain cohesive
    Film Still
    The business man strikes his grandson, Angel, after he fails to bring him the device
    Editing Style
    Editing Style
    Comments
    The film has a very clear sequence of events that was highlighted through a clear continuous editing style that depicts the events that occur in the film as the occur. This is prominent in scenes ranging from exchanges in dialogue, such as Aurora expressing concern for her grandfather and him reassuring her that everything is okay, and fight montages between Jesus and Angel. Additionally, the editing captures the dialogue and. build up before the fights occur.
    Film Still
    Aurora watching Jesus in concern
    Transitions
    Comments
    All of the transitions in the film were cuts. There was no element of fading in any of the cuts. However, in the scene were it cuts from Jesus using the device in the bathroom to the New Years Party, the sound from the second cut, the New Years scene, bleeds into the bathroom scene, then it cuts to the New Years party. The sound is clapping, and employing this type of cutting creates a contrast between the emotions and curse that Jesus is experience and the joyous occasion of going into the New Year.
    Film Still
    Angel during fight with Jesus
    Match
    Expansion and Compression of Time
    Editing General Comments

    Sound is an integral part in a film. It refers to everything that the audience hears including sound effects, words and music. Sound is used in films for various purposes, including: providing the information to the viewer about the location of the scene, heightening the mood, telling the audience about the characters and advancing the plot. Every person who watches a film realizes that the choice of voices, soundtrack and music present in a film affect the way that the viewer perceives a particular film. As a result, the sound is an important and integral element of the film, one that determines the way that the viewer experiences and understands a film as a visual experience.

    Sound Type

    Narrative analysis is an examination of the story elements, including narrative structure, character, and plot. A narrative can be considered to be the chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time and space. In order to analyze the narrative of a film, we need to first make the distinction between the plot of the film and the story of the film. This is sometimes referred to as the discourse and story of a film. Narrative may also be called the story thought story mainly refers to the events that describe the narrative.

    Plot Comments
    Story Comments
    Narrator Type
    Narrative Structure

    Film genres are various forms or identifiable types, categories, classifications or groups of films. (Genre comes from the French word meaning "kind," "category," or "type"). These provide a convenient way for scriptwriters and film-makers to produce, cast and structure their narratives within a manageable, well-defined framework. Genres also offer the studios an easily 'marketable' product, and give audiences satisfying, expected and predictable choices. Genres refers to recurring, repeating and similar, familiar or instantly-recognizable patterns, styles, themes, syntax, templates, paradigms, motifs, rules or generic conventions.

    Category
    Category
    Bibliography

    Cronos. Directed by Guillermo del Toro. 1993.