La Jaula de Oro

    Movie Poster
    Release year
    2013
    Director
    Diego Quemada-Díez
    Biography of director(s)
    Diego Quemada-Díez was born in 1969 in Burgos, Spain, and is a Spanish-born Mexican director, screenwriter, and cinematographer. He started his career as a camera assistant on Ken Loach's Land and Freedom and later worked on films by Loach, Spike Lee, Alejandro González Iñárritu, and Fernando Meirelles. Loach's influence clearly shaped his own approach, which relies on non-professional actors, real locations, and social realism. After moving to Mexico he directed award-winning short films, including Quiero ser piloto and the short documentary La Morena, which premiered at the Morelia Film Festival in 2007. In 2010 his first feature project was selected for the Cannes Cinéfondation L'Atelier, and that project became La jaula de oro. He built the film from hundreds of interviews with migrants who had made the journey north, and it went on to screen at more than 200 festivals and win over 50 awards.
    Original synopsis of the film

    In a poor neighborhood of Guatemala City, three teenagers, Juan, Sara, and Samuel, prepare to leave for the United States. Sara cuts her hair and disguises herself as a boy so she can travel more safely. After crossing into Mexico they meet Chauk, an indigenous Tzotzil boy from Chiapas who speaks almost no Spanish. Sara welcomes him, but Juan treats him with hostility from the start.

    The journey quickly turns dangerous. Mexican police rob the group and send them back to Guatemala, and Samuel decides to stay home. Juan, Sara, and Chauk try again, this time riding on the roofs of freight trains through southern Mexico. When armed men stop the train, they discover Sara is a girl and take her, and Juan is unable to stop them. Juan and Chauk continue north together, and their rivalry slowly turns into a friendship built more on gestures than words, since the two can barely speak to each other.

    At the border the two boys cross the desert on foot, and Chauk is shot and killed by an unseen gunman. Juan makes it to the United States alone and ends up working in a meatpacking plant. In the final scene he stands on a snowy road at night and watches the snow fall, something Chauk had always wanted to see.

    The film is structured as a road movie, and as it goes on the characters lose almost everything they started with, including their money, their friends, and eventually their identity. The title, which translates to "the golden cage," suggests that the promised land is really just another form of confinement. Juan survives, but the life he arrives at is cold and repetitive, and everyone who made the journey meaningful is gone.

    Film Awards
    • Cannes Film Festival, 2013: A Certain Talent Prize for the ensemble cast; Gillo Pontecorvo Award • Ariel Awards, 2014: 9 wins, including Best Picture, Best First Work, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Original Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Sound, and Best Original Score • Chicago International Film Festival: Best New Director • Havana Film Festival New York: Best Director
    Film still
    Two teenage boys seen from behind, silhouetted against an orange sunset as they look out over a desert.

    Describes the setting of a scene in a play or a film. It refers to everything placed on the stage or in front of the camera—including people. In other words, mise en scène is a catch-all for everything that contributes to the visual presentation and overall “look” of a production. When translated from French, it means “placing on stage.”

    Setting
    Setting
    Explanation
    La jaula de oro was shot entirely on location in Guatemala and Mexico with a small crew on Super 16mm film. There are no studio sets, and the town plazas, rail yards, freight trains, and desert are all real places along the migrant route. This gives the film a documentary feel, which makes the viewer feel more like a witness to the journey than someone watching a story.
    In this still, the landscape takes up almost the entire frame, with dry grass in the foreground and a hazy mountain range in the back. The only person in the shot is a tiny figure on the right side that is barely visible. The setting acts less like a backdrop and more like an obstacle, and its size makes the migrants look small and exposed, showing how much distance and danger still stand between them and the border.
    Timecode
    1:36:13
    Film Still
    Wide shot of dry, grassy hills and a hazy mountain range, with a tiny figure walking in the distance.
    Props
    Timecode
    1:16:58
    Prop
    Money, U.S. dollars
    Explanation
    Money is the most important prop in the film because it decides who can keep moving north and who can't. In this still, Juan takes folded U.S. dollar bills out of his pocket and hands them over to the men who have kidnapped him and Chauk. The camera cuts out their faces and only shows the hands, which makes the exchange feel cold and impersonal, as if the money matters more than the people involved.
    The fact that the bills are dollars is significant. Even before Juan reaches the United States, the currency of his destination is already controlling his journey. The money he saved to start a new life ends up going to the people holding him captive, which shows that on the migrant route money is both a lifeline and what makes migrants targets. Every time it gets taken, Juan loses a little more of his ability to survive and a little more control over his own journey.
    Film Still
    Close-up of hands passing folded U.S. dollar bills from one person to another.
    Lighting
    Lighting
    Explanation
    Most of La jaula de oro uses natural light, which fits the film's realistic, documentary style. Because of this, the few scenes with more expressive lighting stand out, and they usually mark moments of hope or loss.

    Low key (Still 1): In the final scene Juan stands alone on a snowy road at night, and a single streetlamp is the only source of light. The lamp lights up the falling snow and part of the road, while everything around it is almost completely dark. Juan is small, on the far right edge of the frame, with his back to the camera. The snow Chauk always wanted to see has finally arrived, but Juan experiences it alone, and the contrast between the light and the darkness makes the moment feel more lonely than hopeful.

    Timecode
    1:41:02
    Film Still
    A lone figure stands on a snowy road at night under a single streetlamp as snow falls.
    Lighting
    Explanation
    Backlighting (Still 2): Juan and Chauk sit next to each other looking out at the desert at sunset. The light comes from behind them, so only their silhouettes are visible against the orange and blue sky. Without their faces they could be any of the thousands of young migrants making the same trip. The glowing horizon suggests hope for what is on the other side of the border, while their dark outlines hint at the danger that is still ahead.
    Timecode
    1:22:13
    Film Still
    Two boys silhouetted from behind against a glowing sunset over the desert.
    Costume
    Costume
    Juan's meatpacking plant uniform
    Explanation
    For most of the film the characters wear ordinary, worn clothing like faded T-shirts, jeans, backpacks, and baseball caps. These costumes show that they are poor, working-class teenagers, and the clothes get dirtier and more worn down as the journey goes on.
    This still shows how Juan's costume changes once he reaches the United States. He wears a white coat, a hairnet, and a white hard hat, the standard uniform of a meatpacking plant. The uniform erases everything that made him stand out on the journey, and he now looks the same as every other worker. The clean white clothing is also a sharp contrast to the dusty clothes he wore on the road.
    This is where the title of the film really comes through. Juan has made it to the "golden" destination, but the uniform puts him in a different kind of cage, a cold and repetitive job surrounded by steel walls and hanging carcasses. His blank expression suggests that surviving the journey did not give him the life he had imagined.
    Timecode
    1:37:25
    Film Still
    A teenage boy in a white coat, hairnet, and hard hat stands inside a meatpacking plant.
    Hair and Makeup
    Example
    Sara cutting her hair
    Explanation
    In one of the first scenes of the film, Sara cuts her long hair short. She sits in a small room with walls made of blue plastic tarp and a rag and plastic barrel next to her, which immediately shows her poverty. Her expression is blank and focused, suggesting she is determined rather than upset.
    Cutting her hair is the first step in disguising herself as a boy. It shows that the migrant route is so dangerous for a girl that she has to give up part of her identity before the journey even starts, and that her appearance could decide whether or not she stays safe.
    The makeup throughout the film is just as realistic. The actors wear little to no makeup, and dirt, sweat, and sunburn build up on their faces as the journey goes on. This is very different from Golden Age melodramas like María Candelaria, where makeup was used to create an idealized "Indian" face on a white star, Dolores del Río. In La jaula de oro, Chauk is played by Rodolfo Domínguez, an actual Tzotzil teenager from Chiapas, with no makeup used to racialize him.
    Timecode
    0:02:28
    Film Still
    A teenage girl cuts her hair short in a small room with blue plastic tarp walls.
    Figure Behavior
    Example
    Juan pushing another boy in the town plaza
    Explanation
    The cast is made up of non-professional actors instead of stars, and their performances are restrained and natural, with long silences, small gestures, and very little dialogue. This is the opposite of the exaggerated acting in Golden Age melodramas like María Candelaria.
    In this still, Juan, in the orange shirt, pushes Chauk while the group stands in a town plaza. He reaches past another boy with his arm out to get to Chauk, who is partly hidden in the background without a hat, while the others watch instead of stepping in. Chauk being half hidden in the frame matches his place in the group as the newest member and an outsider, since he is indigenous and barely speaks Spanish, and Juan makes it clear from the start that he doesn't want him there. Without any dialogue, the way their bodies are placed shows the group's hierarchy, with Juan acting as the leader and Chauk being pushed to the edge.
    This moment sets up how Juan and Chauk's relationship changes over the course of the film. Because they can barely talk to each other, their relationship is shown almost entirely through body language, and Juan's early aggression slowly turns into a friendship built on gestures instead of words. Compared to the sunset still, where Juan and Chauk sit side by side as equals looking at the same horizon, it is clear how far Juan has come by the end of the journey.
    Timecode
    0:21:38
    Film Still
    A boy in an orange shirt pushes another boy in a cap as a group of boys stands in a town plaza
    Representative Clip
    Explanation
    This clip follows the migrants riding on top of the freight train as it crosses a rusted steel bridge and moves through the countryside. The roof is packed with people sitting and lying down, talking, eating, and resting, and the camera moves between them like it is just another passenger. There is also a shot looking straight down the tracks through the bridge, a boy holding onto the side of a boxcar, and a blurry handheld shot of the ground rushing past.

    The clip captures the film's mise-en-scène as a whole. The setting is a real train on a real route, the lighting is soft natural daylight, and the costumes are ordinary worn clothes and caps with no visible makeup. The non-professional actors behave naturally, and the crowd makes it hard to tell the main characters apart from everyone else. The train is where the migrants have their rare moments of freedom and connection, but the rusted metal, the height, and the speed are constant reminders of how dangerous the journey is.
    Timecode
    0:52:53-0:53:55
    Film Still
    Migrants sit and lie on the roof of a freight train as it passes under green trees.
    Film Clip
    Video file

    This is the art of photography and visual storytelling in a motion picture or television show. Cinematography comprises all on-screen visual elements, including lighting, framing, composition, camera motion, camera angles, film selection, lens choices, depth of field, zoom, focus, color, exposure, and filtration. Cinematography sets and supports the overall look and mood of a film’s visual narrative. Each visual element that appears on screen, a.k.a. the mise-en-scène of a film, can serve and enhance the story—so it is the cinematographer’s responsibility to ensure that every element is cohesive and support the story. Filmmakers often choose to spend the majority of their budget on high-quality cinematography to guarantee that the film will look incredible on the big screen.

    Point of View
    Quality
    Framing
    Scale
    Movement

    Editing is the process of putting a film together–the selection and arrangement of shots and scenes. Editing can condense space and time, emphasize separate elements and bring them together, and organize material in such a way that patterns of meaning become apparent. In addition, editing can determine how a film is perceived: for instance, quick, rapid cuts can create a feeling of tension, while a long take can create a more dramatic effect. The first photoplays generally had no cutting, owing to the fact that they were single-reel films; once filming began, you could not stop until the film ran out. (https://filmglossary.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/term/editing/)

    Coherence, Continuity, and Rhythym
    Editing Style
    Transitions
    Match
    Expansion and Compression of Time
    Editing General Comments

    Sound is an integral part in a film. It refers to everything that the audience hears including sound effects, words and music. Sound is used in films for various purposes, including: providing the information to the viewer about the location of the scene, heightening the mood, telling the audience about the characters and advancing the plot. Every person who watches a film realizes that the choice of voices, soundtrack and music present in a film affect the way that the viewer perceives a particular film. As a result, the sound is an important and integral element of the film, one that determines the way that the viewer experiences and understands a film as a visual experience.

    Sound Type

    Narrative analysis is an examination of the story elements, including narrative structure, character, and plot. A narrative can be considered to be the chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time and space. In order to analyze the narrative of a film, we need to first make the distinction between the plot of the film and the story of the film. This is sometimes referred to as the discourse and story of a film. Narrative may also be called the story thought story mainly refers to the events that describe the narrative.

    Plot Comments
    Story Comments
    Narrator Type
    Narrative Structure

    Film genres are various forms or identifiable types, categories, classifications or groups of films. (Genre comes from the French word meaning "kind," "category," or "type"). These provide a convenient way for scriptwriters and film-makers to produce, cast and structure their narratives within a manageable, well-defined framework. Genres also offer the studios an easily 'marketable' product, and give audiences satisfying, expected and predictable choices. Genres refers to recurring, repeating and similar, familiar or instantly-recognizable patterns, styles, themes, syntax, templates, paradigms, motifs, rules or generic conventions.

    Category