Argentina, 1985

    Movie Poster
    Release year
    2022
    Director
    Santiago Mitre
    Biography of director(s)
    Santiago Mitre was born in Buenos Aires in 1980. He began his career acting, studied at the Universidad de Cine, and later moved into directing short films before writing and directing features. He founded his own production company, La Unión de los Ríos. His credits include El Estudiante, La Patota, La Cordillera, 15 Ways to Kill Your Neighbor, and Argentina, 1985, which won a Golden Globe and earned an Academy Award nomination.
    Country
    Argentina, Co-produced in the U.S. and the U.K.
    Original synopsis of the film

    After the military junta in Argentina had reigned for several years, civilians decided to try the military officials in a civilian court for their crimes in the 1985 Trial of the Juntas – an unprecedented trial in Argentina and the first major civilian trial of military commanders for mass atrocities since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials. To take on what seems like a hopeless, biased, and dangerous trial, Julio Strassera is tapped to lead the prosecution. Strassera struggles to find a legal team to assist him because the military still holds significant influence after the dictatorship of the 1970s. He must work alongside Deputy Prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo, a young lawyer with no trial experience, and a group of law students and inexperienced lawyers to gather evidence and justify their claims in only a few months. Despite daily threats to their lives, the team manages to gather evidence from more than 800 witnesses in record time. All of Argentina watches as the junta officials, including former de facto president Jorge Rafael Videla, are tried before a panel of judges. They listen to horror stories of abuse and death at the hands of the military and wait for the judges’ verdict on whether justice for the thousands of lives lost during the dictatorship will finally be served.

    Describes the setting of a scene in a play or a film. It refers to everything placed on the stage or in front of the camera—including people. In other words, mise en scène is a catch-all for everything that contributes to the visual presentation and overall “look” of a production. When translated from French, it means “placing on stage.”

    Setting
    Setting
    Explanation
    Argentina, 1985 was filmed on location, mostly in Buenos Aires, with additional scenes in Santa Fe and Salta Province. The production aimed for historical accuracy, even shooting the trial scenes in the same courtroom where the original trial of the Juntas took place. Because the events depicted occurred just 37 years before the film's release, the director had the resources and reference points to achieve remarkable fidelity to the period.
    Film Still
    Trial of the Juntas, set in the original courtroom to maintain maximum historical accuracy.
    Julio Strassera addressing a case-related phone call with the Argentine flag looming behind him.
    Props
    Prop
    Flag of Argentina
    Explanation
    In the legal office, Argentine flags hang in the background during heated exchanges between Strassera and Moreno Ocampo as they debate the best course for the case and for the country. The flag comes to represent their shared goal of a safer, better Argentina, though its meaning shifts throughout the film. Does it symbolize the "freedom" claimed by the military junta? Or freedom from disappearance and danger?
    Film Still
    Julio Strassera addressing a case-related phone call with the Argentine flag looming behind him.
    Prop
    Framed photos of children
    Explanation
    In a scene where Strassera discusses the case with his wife at home, framed photos of their children are placed prominently in view, underscoring the couple's competing priorities: the trial or the family. The two hold different ideas of what protecting their family means, a tension that surfaces repeatedly between them. Even amid the trial, their relationship remains anchored in protecting their children, a point the photo frames quietly reinforce.
    Film Still
    The Strasseras discuss the case with photos of their children at the base of the camera frame.
    Lighting
    Lighting
    Explanation
    The film uses lighting deliberately to direct the audience's attention. In the main courtroom scenes, judges, legal teams, and defendants are lit from the front with low key lighting, echoing the lighting of the original trial. The junta officials sit center frame under the brightest light, making clear they're the ones under scrutiny for their actions. Strassera and Moreno Ocampo are lit as well, leading the prosecution's case against them. The audience in the gallery stays largely in shadow, not the focal point, watching the trial just as we do. Extra light falls on the judges' table, with the camera lingering on their notepads, reinforcing that their verdict will shape the trial's outcome and the nation's future.

    At home, Strassera is lit from the side and underneath in darker, grimmer tones. Operating in secrecy against outside threats, he's illuminated only enough to function. The effect reinforces a sense of danger and concealment.
    Film Still
    Courtoom lighting – low key with emphasis on prosecution, junta officials, and judge's table.
    Lighting
    Explanation
    By contrast, the legal office and areas outside the courtroom is bathed in high-key natural light, paired with frontal and side lighting. The effect is exposure without fear: Strassera and his team make accusations that could get them killed, yet they move confidently through well-lit spaces, visible to the world and the audience.
    Film Still
    Strassera's team in the courthouse.
    Lighting
    Explanation
    Overall, the film relies on studio lighting used sparingly, just enough to illuminate the main characters and steer the eye toward each scene's focal point. One notable exception is the use of backlighting to create silhouettes, reserved for the film's most secretive moment: Strassera's private meeting with President Alfonsín. Little can be said or reported about this exchange. We see Strassera enter and shake hands with a man we can't make out. The room is backlit so their faces stay hidden, while the security guards nearby remain frontally lit and fully visible.
    Film Still
    Strassera meets secretly with Alfonsín.
    Costume
    Hair and Makeup
    Figure Behavior
    Example
    Strassera's intense gestures
    Explanation
    At one point, Strassera openly mocks the defendants during the trial, visibly worn down by their lies and finally emboldened to move beyond quietly presenting evidence into outright defiance of the military junta. This was a real moment from Strassera's actual conduct, one Ricardo Darín captures faithfully in his performance. The outburst is excessive enough that Moreno Ocampo begs him to stop, yet he presses on. These charged gestures mark a shift in attitude, with fear giving way to defiance.
    Film Still
    Ricardo Darín as Strassera.
    Julio Cesár Strassera in the 1985 trial gesturing towards the defense.
    Example
    Facial expressions
    Explanation
    Each group's expressions do distinct narrative work. The witnesses appear quiet and visibly intimidated, their guarded faces underscoring the real danger they faced in testifying against the junta, a reminder to the audience of the courage this kind of testimony required. The young legal team, by contrast, wears warmth and encouragement openly. Their kindness signals hope, suggesting that a new generation will carry Argentina toward a different future. The defendants hold stern, contemptuous expressions that reinforce their unrepentant guilt, denying the audience any easy catharsis of remorse. The judges remain deliberately unreadable, their neutral seriousness withholding any hint of the verdict and sustaining suspense over the trial's outcome. At the center, Strassera and Moreno Ocampo carry an unwavering gravity that keeps tension high throughout. Their composure is a signal to the audience that everything is at stake, even when the outcome remains uncertain.
    Together, these contrasting expressions guide the audience's emotional experience of the trial: fear and stakes from the witnesses, hope from the young lawyers, defiance from the defendants, ambiguity from the judges, and tension from the leads. These expressions together build toward a version of justice the audience can root for.
    Film Still
    A witness prepares to share her horrifying testimony with the court.
    A joyful legal team demonstrating hope for the outcome of the case.
    Representative Clip

    This is the art of photography and visual storytelling in a motion picture or television show. Cinematography comprises all on-screen visual elements, including lighting, framing, composition, camera motion, camera angles, film selection, lens choices, depth of field, zoom, focus, color, exposure, and filtration. Cinematography sets and supports the overall look and mood of a film’s visual narrative. Each visual element that appears on screen, a.k.a. the mise-en-scène of a film, can serve and enhance the story—so it is the cinematographer’s responsibility to ensure that every element is cohesive and support the story. Filmmakers often choose to spend the majority of their budget on high-quality cinematography to guarantee that the film will look incredible on the big screen.

    Point of View
    Quality
    Framing
    Scale
    Movement

    Editing is the process of putting a film together–the selection and arrangement of shots and scenes. Editing can condense space and time, emphasize separate elements and bring them together, and organize material in such a way that patterns of meaning become apparent. In addition, editing can determine how a film is perceived: for instance, quick, rapid cuts can create a feeling of tension, while a long take can create a more dramatic effect. The first photoplays generally had no cutting, owing to the fact that they were single-reel films; once filming began, you could not stop until the film ran out. (https://filmglossary.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/term/editing/)

    Coherence, Continuity, and Rhythym
    Editing Style
    Transitions
    Match
    Expansion and Compression of Time
    Editing General Comments

    Sound is an integral part in a film. It refers to everything that the audience hears including sound effects, words and music. Sound is used in films for various purposes, including: providing the information to the viewer about the location of the scene, heightening the mood, telling the audience about the characters and advancing the plot. Every person who watches a film realizes that the choice of voices, soundtrack and music present in a film affect the way that the viewer perceives a particular film. As a result, the sound is an important and integral element of the film, one that determines the way that the viewer experiences and understands a film as a visual experience.

    Sound Type

    Narrative analysis is an examination of the story elements, including narrative structure, character, and plot. A narrative can be considered to be the chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time and space. In order to analyze the narrative of a film, we need to first make the distinction between the plot of the film and the story of the film. This is sometimes referred to as the discourse and story of a film. Narrative may also be called the story thought story mainly refers to the events that describe the narrative.

    Plot Comments
    Story Comments
    Narrator Type
    Narrative Structure

    Film genres are various forms or identifiable types, categories, classifications or groups of films. (Genre comes from the French word meaning "kind," "category," or "type"). These provide a convenient way for scriptwriters and film-makers to produce, cast and structure their narratives within a manageable, well-defined framework. Genres also offer the studios an easily 'marketable' product, and give audiences satisfying, expected and predictable choices. Genres refers to recurring, repeating and similar, familiar or instantly-recognizable patterns, styles, themes, syntax, templates, paradigms, motifs, rules or generic conventions.

    Category
    Bibliography
    Wikimedia Foundation. (2026, September 9). Argentina, 1985. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina,_1985 Santiago Mitre: An American Cinematheque retrospective. American Cinematheque. (2026, July 11). https://www.americancinematheque.com/series/santiago-mitre-an-american-cinematheque-retrospective/