¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa!

    Movie Poster
    Release year
    1936
    Director
    Fernando de Fuentes
    Biography of director(s)
    Fernando de Fuentes was born in Veracruz, Mexico in 1984. He came to the U.S. to study Philosophy at Tulane University before working in the Mexican Embassy in Washington D.C starting in 1919. After returning to Mexico, Fuentes began his career in film as a second assistant director in Santa (1931), and he went on to direct, produce, and edit dozens of films in a diverse range of genres. He was the first Mexican director to produce a color film and co-direct a film with another country (Así se Quiere en Jalisco (1942)). He is also well known for his production of the Mexican Revolution Trilogy – a series of three movies about the revolution which included "¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa!" (1936). In 1958, Fuentes died in Mexico City.
    Country
    Mexico
    Original synopsis of the film

    ¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa! is a wartime drama film about six peasants, nicknamed The Lions of San Pablo, who decide to join Pancho Villa’s Army during the Mexican Revolution. The film follows The Lions of San Pablo from their beginnings in a small suffering community to their journey in the revolution. Through various episodic battles and incidents, all but one of the 6 men die. One dies in a drunken game of Russian Roulette, one dies by the will of Pancho Villa himself, and the others die in battle. At the end of the movie, the leader of The Lions (Don Tiburcio) is ordered by Pancho Villa to burn his fellow lion, who is infected with Smallpox. Reluctantly, Don Tiburcio complies and is then ordered to leave the army. 

    While there are moments of glory, including when The Lions save two of their comrades from being hung by the opposition, the movie calls into question some of the actions of Pancho Villa and the members of his army. Ultimately, while the title slide suggests that blame for the brutality of the revolution cannot be placed on any single individual or side of the battle, this movie presents a pessimistic view of the revolution.

    Film Awards
    Best Mexican Film of All Time (1994)

    Describes the setting of a scene in a play or a film. It refers to everything placed on the stage or in front of the camera—including people. In other words, mise en scène is a catch-all for everything that contributes to the visual presentation and overall “look” of a production. When translated from French, it means “placing on stage.”

    Setting
    Setting
    Explanation
    "¡Vámanos con Pancho Villa!" takes place in the hills of Mexico during the Mexican revolution. The open expanse of the landscapes in this movie are a hallmark of the golden age of Mexican cinema. This movie shifts episodically between hyper-realistic clips of frontline battle which include gunfire, explosions, and gruesome death. Overall, this setting helps Fuentes portray the harsh brutality of the Mexican Revolution.
    Timecode
    00:28:07
    Film Still
    setting
    Props
    Lighting
    Lighting
    Explanation
    After the final member of The Lions obeys Villa’s orders to kill and burn the smallpox-infected Vallarino, Fuentes utilizes high-contrast lighting against the dark background of nighttime. As we watch the final lion walk along the barely-visible train tracks from behind, we are solemnly reminded of all the evil that led to the deaths of all but one of The Lions, who had just finished killing one of his own.

    The majority of the film is set in broad daylight, which contrasts starkly with Fuentes’ sparing use of expressionist lighting characteristic of German filmmaking. Overall, in this scene and others, this expressionist lighting was used to foreshadow or indicate instances of evil.
    Timecode
    1:26:38
    Film Still
    lighting
    Costume
    Costume
    Don Tiburcio's Bar Outfit
    Explanation
    The costuming and makeup for "¡Vámos con Pancho Villa!" is largely realistic, as the film is an attempt to realistically depict the journey of a group of soldiers fighting in the Mexican Revolution. Oftentimes costuming is used to assign authority to the characters in frame. In the selected still, Don Tiburcio is wearing an outfit that is lighter-colored and more ornate than the outfits of the other members of The Lions and the rest of the soldiers in the bar. This further establishes him as the leader of The Lions and designates him as the moral arbiter in that situation, where all of the soldiers eventually play a form of Russian Roulette. Furthermore, the costuming throughout the film provides some socio-economic context as well; The Lions are countrymen.
    Timecode
    1:01:29
    Film Still
    costumes
    Hair and Makeup
    Figure Behavior
    Example
    Don Tiburcio's Dismissal
    Explanation
    The actors starring in "¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa!" gradually adjusted their gestures, facial expressions, and voices to mirror their characters’ growing awareness of the brutality of the revolution. At first The Lions were eager to fight alongside General Pancho Villa to prove their loyalty to their country and fellow countrymen, but, by the end of the film, only Don Tiburcio was alive to depict how tiresome, futile, and cruel they found the war to be.

    In the selected still, Antonio R. Frausto, starring as Don Tiburcio, is the picture of exhaustion and disillusionment as he reflects upon the recent death of Miguel Ángel del Toro “Becerillo”. Don Tiburcio was the fearless leader of The Lions for the majority of the film, but he is not portrayed as that determined figure in this scene. His appearance also became increasingly disheveled as the plot reached its conclusion, which adds to the feeling that Don Tiburcio has lost the composure that he once had.
    Timecode
    1:22:06
    Film Still
    acting and choreography
    Representative Clip

    This is the art of photography and visual storytelling in a motion picture or television show. Cinematography comprises all on-screen visual elements, including lighting, framing, composition, camera motion, camera angles, film selection, lens choices, depth of field, zoom, focus, color, exposure, and filtration. Cinematography sets and supports the overall look and mood of a film’s visual narrative. Each visual element that appears on screen, a.k.a. the mise-en-scène of a film, can serve and enhance the story—so it is the cinematographer’s responsibility to ensure that every element is cohesive and support the story. Filmmakers often choose to spend the majority of their budget on high-quality cinematography to guarantee that the film will look incredible on the big screen.

    Point of View
    Point of View
    Comments
    The use of “shot-counter shot” is extensive in this film, most notably in every battle scene. In conjunction with quick cutting, these shots give the viewer an immersive “live” feed of both sides of the battle. The examples to the right are from 00:19:08 - 00:19:10 and 00:31:00 - 00:31:02 of the film.
    Timecode
    (listed above)
    Film Still
    shot-counter shot
    shot-counter shot
    Quality
    Quality
    Comments
    The entirety of the movie is shot with a normal lens. In the first scene to the right, The Lions of San Pablo are shown approaching the train where Pancho Villa is tossing corn into a crowd of hungry people. In place of a wide lens, a panning motion tracks Lions as they ride, establishing perspective for the viewer. This method of establishing perspective via a panning shot is present in many other parts of the film, such as instances when Pancho Villa and the men ride by train through the scenic landscape or when battles begin. In the second scene to the right, constitutionalist soldiers prepare to hang Fatso, a member of The Lions of San Pablo, after he was captured serving as a messenger. All depths of field are in sharp focus as demonstrated in the image. This is a defining characteristic of the film and contributes to its brutal realism.
    Timecode
    12:32, 47:18
    Film Still
    panning motion
    all depths of field sharp focus
    Framing
    Framing
    Comments
    Since ¡Vàmonos con Pancho Villa! is set within the Mexican Revolution and was directed to reflect this, the film has a generally chaotic atmosphere; save a few organized maneuvers executed by soldiers, people are either packed against one another or are in rapid movement. The exceptions to this rule, of course, are the almost photographic scenes that reframe The Lions as the plot progresses. In the first selected still (00:10:36), the camera helps the audience identify the band of brothers whose journey they will follow for the duration of the film. All six members of The Lions are crowded around a table in Don Tiburcio’s house rationalizing their collective desire to join the revolution. Their physical closeness in this scene indicates their immaterial closeness as comrades and emphasizes unity. However, their semi-circular arrangement around the table is more strategic; with their bodies positioned this way, each character can be understood as an independent member of The Lions. Furthermore, this arrangement makes Don Tiburcio’s living room seem more like a war room in function, and, in a practical sense, it had become a war room. Throughout the entirety of ¡Vàmonos con Pancho Villa!, space is most often manipulated to convey some sort of relationship between the characters in-frame or to emphasize the importance of whatever plot elements are contained within the frame through the use of closed form.

    In the second shot to the right (00:17:04), Pancho Villa’s men travel by train through a desert landscape. There is high-angle framing as the train speeds with smog blowing out of its chimney. These elements give a sense of urgency and power, respectively.

    Throughout the film, closeups are reserved for dying characters, shown in the second-to-last still to the right (00:50:06) and powerful figures, shown in the final still to the right (00:28:34), about to inflict death upon others. In these instances, the close up shots expose the cruelty of both sides of the revolution by showing the faces of perpetrators and victims of death and destruction. Secondarily, the closeups allow the viewer to get more emotionally invested in the film through its individual characters.
    Timecode
    (listed above)
    Film Still
    level angle
    high angle
    closeup of death
    closeup before battle
    Scale
    Scale
    Comments
    Stationary, establishing shots with distant subjects approaching the camera are used throughout the film. Most notably, these shots were used at the beginning of several battles and when The Lions attempted to deliver a message to a front of opposing soldiers. These establishing shots give the viewer a vast perspective of the landscape and build anticipation through their long duration.
    Timecode
    17:10, 38:04
    Film Still
    far-away, establishing shot
    far-away, establishing shot
    Movement
    Movement
    Comments
    In the first scene to the right, the camera tracks the rope that will be used to hang Fatso as it is lowered from a tree. The tracking camera motion slows the scene, building suspense and anticipation; it functions in the narrative by giving The Lions time to save their comrades. Additionally, the panning motion of the camera as it tracks the rope helps establish perspective for the viewer in a new countryside location. Similarly, another shot shown below uses a lateral tilt motion to establish a top down view of the setting at the beginning of battle.
    Quick cutting during battle adds to the adrenaline-inducing realistic fighting by increasing the pace of the film. In addition, quick cutting is often used to quickly transition between smaller gaps in time, allowing the film to progress faster without seeming disjointed. The sliding transition is a special effect heavily used in the film. It helps bridge the gap between two sequential shots separated by a significant amount of time. It is used to bridge two shots of battle that are separated temporally and by a significant distance traveled by Pancho Villa and his men. The use of the sliding transition special effect makes the viewing experience more cohesive, blending two shots that may otherwise seem disjointed. This will be discussed further in the "editing" section of this analysis.
    Timecode
    47:09, 18:14
    Film Still
    tracking shot
    tilt

    Editing is the process of putting a film together–the selection and arrangement of shots and scenes. Editing can condense space and time, emphasize separate elements and bring them together, and organize material in such a way that patterns of meaning become apparent. In addition, editing can determine how a film is perceived: for instance, quick, rapid cuts can create a feeling of tension, while a long take can create a more dramatic effect. The first photoplays generally had no cutting, owing to the fact that they were single-reel films; once filming began, you could not stop until the film ran out. (https://filmglossary.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/term/editing/)

    Coherence, Continuity, and Rhythym
    Comments
    In general, ¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa! has a flowing rhythm and pace that is facilitated by long scenes with dynamic dialogue. Oftentimes, panning shots were used to help those two aspects of the film coexist. For example, when Becerrillo arrives at Don Tiburcio’s home and joins The Lions’ meeting concerning his altercation with General Medina, the camera pans from the rest of The Lions over to him as he enters Don Tiburcio’s living room. In this shot, Becerrillo’s voice precedes the sight of him; this mimics the reaction of The Lions who were already sitting around Don Tiburcio’s living room table, because they were unaware that Becerrillo would be joining them and, therefore, completely shifted their attention from the meeting to Becerrillo once they heard him.
    Timecode
    00:10:24-00:10:30
    Film Clip
    Video file
    Editing Style
    Editing Style
    Comments
    The two styles of editing used in ¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa! are thematic editing and continuity editing. The first scene of the film (00:02:13 - 00:02:43), which immediately follows the opening credits, is a prime example of thematic editing. This scene is a quickly-paced display of soldiers shooting manual and automatic guns, someone sending a telegraph, a woman hastily kneading dough, and someone splitting wood. This montage is accompanied by music that sounds anxious and almost chaotic, which contributes to its overarching feeling of urgency. In its entirety, this sequence candidly and directly depicts the “tragic age” mentioned in the final sentence of the film’s Preamble. The scenes in the film that depict combat have a quicker rhythm and pace that is communicated through visual and auditory means. The predominant editing style used in ¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa!, however, is continuity editing, as the film is very cohesive. One example of continuity editing in the film is found in the scene in which Meliton Botello shoots at the arm of a cactus to test his accuracy (00:22:48 - 00:22:52). First, Botello is shown shooting at the cactus and then the film cuts to the perspective of the cactus getting shot at.
    Timecode
    (listed above)
    Film Clip
    Video file
    Video file
    Transitions
    Comments
    Cut, slide, dissolve, and fade transitions are all employed throughout ¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa!. Those transitions are used to separate the film’s shots and scenes to varying degrees and can be thought of as the punctuation that divides up an essay. Cuts are used frequently throughout the film to transition from one perspective to another within the context of a particular scene. The aforementioned scene containing Meliton Botello’s face-off with a cactus plant is an example of this. The cut transitions in ¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa! are analogous to the commas used to separate phrases in an essay’s sentences. The slide transitions in ¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa! can be thought of as the semi-colons that separate sentences in an essay. They are used to transition from one shot to the next when those two shots are very closely related in topic and setting, but are not identical. For example, in the first battle scene of the film, footage of the battle in general and footage of The Lions fighting in the battle are separated by a slide transition; the topic and setting are still, in essence, the first battle that has taken place since The Lions joined Pancho Villa, but the slide transition into footage of The Lions specifically allows the audience to focus on the protagonists of the film. On the other hand, the dissolve transitions used in ¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa! separate scenes that are not related in setting and may even differ in topic, but have at least one distinct technical component in common that anchors the transition. For instance, in one of the early scenes of the film, Becerrillo’s escape from Captain Medina’s assault dissolves into Don Tiburcio coaching Pedrito, his son, through a shooting lesson (00:06:12 - 00:06:24). As far as two scenes from the same movie go, those two are not very closely related in topic nor in setting, but they share the sound of gunfire. The gunfire creates auditory continuity through the transition from the first clip to the second, and demonstrates that gun violence is a central component of the lives of The Lions and their families. The dissolve transitions used in the film are, therefore, analogous to the periods that separate the sentences in an essay. Finally, fade transitions, in this film and other films, are the most final form of transition. They signify the end of one installment of a film and the beginning of another, like an indentation at the beginning of a paragraph does for an essay. For instance, a fade transition between the scene in which The Lions decide to go to war and the scene in which The Lions literally go to war (00:10:49 - 00:11:12) distinguishes between two distinct installments of ¡Vámonos con Pancho Villa!’s narrative; the exposition concluded with The Lions’ decision to fight. Furthermore, a fade usually also indicates a longer passage of time in between scenes than a dissolve transition does.
    Timecode
    (listed above)
    Film Still
    The Lions in their First Battle
    Film Clip
    Video file
    Video file
    Match
    Expansion and Compression of Time
    Editing General Comments

    Sound is an integral part in a film. It refers to everything that the audience hears including sound effects, words and music. Sound is used in films for various purposes, including: providing the information to the viewer about the location of the scene, heightening the mood, telling the audience about the characters and advancing the plot. Every person who watches a film realizes that the choice of voices, soundtrack and music present in a film affect the way that the viewer perceives a particular film. As a result, the sound is an important and integral element of the film, one that determines the way that the viewer experiences and understands a film as a visual experience.

    Sound Type

    Narrative analysis is an examination of the story elements, including narrative structure, character, and plot. A narrative can be considered to be the chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time and space. In order to analyze the narrative of a film, we need to first make the distinction between the plot of the film and the story of the film. This is sometimes referred to as the discourse and story of a film. Narrative may also be called the story thought story mainly refers to the events that describe the narrative.

    Plot Comments
    Story Comments
    Narrator Type
    Narrative Structure

    Film genres are various forms or identifiable types, categories, classifications or groups of films. (Genre comes from the French word meaning "kind," "category," or "type"). These provide a convenient way for scriptwriters and film-makers to produce, cast and structure their narratives within a manageable, well-defined framework. Genres also offer the studios an easily 'marketable' product, and give audiences satisfying, expected and predictable choices. Genres refers to recurring, repeating and similar, familiar or instantly-recognizable patterns, styles, themes, syntax, templates, paradigms, motifs, rules or generic conventions.

    Category
    Bibliography

    Vámonos con Pancho Villa. Directed by Fernando de Fuentes, performances by Antonio R. Frausto and Ramón Vallarino, CLASA, 1936.