Terra em Transe

    Movie Poster
    Release year
    1967
    Director
    Glauber Rocha
    Biography of director(s)
    Glauber Rocha was born in Bahia, Brasil in 1939. From a young age, Rocha was passionate about arts and politics. In 1959, after working as a freelance journalist, influencing the foundation of an anti-capitalist political party and attending two years of law school, Rocha directed "Pátio," his first short film. As a filmmaker, Rocha is known for his role in the new wave and Cinema Novo movements, as well as for the avante-garde nature of his works. Some of his most notable films are "Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol" and "Terra em Transe," which have both been recognized by the Brazilian Critics Association (Abraccine) to be in the top five best Brazilian films of all time. In 1981, shortly after returning to Brasil from a voluntary exile, Rocha died at the age of 42.
    Country
    Brazil
    Original synopsis of the film

    Terra em Transe follows the story of poet and journalist, Paulo Martins, as he navigates the political scene in the fictional nation of Eldorado and tries to find purpose. The majority of the movie is a flashback, as Martins explains how he ultimately ends up getting shot by military police and meeting his demise. 

    When the flashback begins, Martins is closely affiliated with Porfirio Diaz, a prominent conservative political figure, as a poet and friend. However, he wants to serve a more crucial role in politics, so he goes to Alecrim province, where he encounters activist Sara. Together, they support liberal politician, Felipe Vieira, in his campaign for governor of the province, as in the view of Martins, Vieira will advocate for the common people. Upon his election though, Vieira violates campaign promises and violence starts to erupt throughout the province. Martins decides that he can no longer stand for this, and subsequently goes back to Diaz.

    Martins loses sight of his original purpose and falls into a series of bad decisions. During this time, Sara comes to him with a proposition to help Vieira in the upcoming presidential election by creating a film about Diaz that would weaken his position. Largely because of his feelings for Sara, Martins agrees and approaches Fuentes, a rich businessman in control of the media. Martins releases the damaging film on television after securing Fuentes’ support. Following this betrayal against Diaz, an intense fight takes place between Martins and Diaz. Martins returns to Alecrim province where he once again works alongside Sara and Vieira, and Fuentes joins forces with Diaz. As the opposing campaigns escalate and Diaz’s party begins to stage a coup against Vieira to defend its political and economic interests, the story is brought back to the present. 

    Against Martins’ advice, Vieira refuses to take up arms to defend his candidacy for the presidency, and Martins leaves the palace with Sara. He is ultimately unable to achieve the change he hoped for, and he gets shot by military police as he drives across enemy lines.

     

    Film Awards
    Golden Leopard Award at Locarno International Film Festival (1967)
    International Critics Award at Locarno International Film Festival (1967)
    Swiss Critics Award at Locarno International Film Festival (1967)
    FIPRESCI Prize at Cannes Film Festival (1967)
    Fifth Best Brazilian Film from Abraccine's "The Best 100 Brazilian Film" List (2015)
    Film still
    Paulo Martins stands on a hill, holding a gun in the air as he is being pursued by military police.

    Describes the setting of a scene in a play or a film. It refers to everything placed on the stage or in front of the camera—including people. In other words, mise en scène is a catch-all for everything that contributes to the visual presentation and overall “look” of a production. When translated from French, it means “placing on stage.”

    Setting
    Setting
    Explanation
    Terra em Transe takes place in a wide variety of settings, from vast landscapes to crowded and chaotic bars. This particular scene takes place in a grand room that is a constant setting throughout the film, where many of the political elite convene. The large, lavish room is decorated with detailed carvings, marble and other typical signifiers of wealth and status. Within this environment though, the symmetry and careful composure is disrupted by a fight between Porfirio Diaz and Paulo Martins. This contrast serves to show that behind the regal appearance of the room, corruption and violence are taking place among many of the top politicians in Eldorado. The extreme extent of the room’s grandiosity demonstrates the position of influence that comes with being a high-status politician, and the atrocities that one may be willing to commit to get there. As the two men struggle on the stairs, the setting reminds them of what’s at stake.
    Film Still
    Paulo Martins and Diaz fight in the throne room.
    Props
    Lighting
    Costume
    Explanation
    A constant theme of Terra em Transe is the tension between religion and politics. The conservative party candidate, Porfirio Diaz, has pushed his religious ideals throughout the film, often using it as a tool to manipulate his potential constituents. In this scene, elaborate costumes are used to convey this theme coming to a head; Diaz has taken the presidency by force after an intense campaign where he pushed religion as both a guide and a promise. In the center, Diaz has a large crown placed atop his head, which serves as both a symbol of his “win” in the presidential race and his grandiose view on religion and politics. To the left is Silvia, who is fairly scantily clad for the time, and to the right is a religious figure holding a goblet. This contrast serves to represent the hypocrisy of Diaz’s campaign; he wields religion to coerce the support of the nation, while at the same time participating in promiscuous activities such as heavy drinking and untoward relationships with women. Overall, the costumes in this scene signify Diaz’s newly acquired wealth and status, his attitude towards religion and the nation of Eldorado entering a new chapter of politics.
    Film Still
    Diaz's presidential innaguration.
    Diaz being crowned.
    Hair and Makeup
    Figure Behavior
    Explanation
    Terra em Transe consistently utilizes careful positioning of characters to convey messages throughout the film. In this particular scene, Paulo Martins is faced with a dilemma: stay with his current lover, Silvia, and his friend and conservative party presidential candidate, Porfirio Diaz, or go back to Sara and the liberal party candidate, Felipe Vieira. As is revealed in the following scenes, this would require a betrayal against Diaz. Martins is pictured facing away from Silvia, which conveys his conflicting feelings towards committing this betrayal; he is both facing towards the future, and his eventual decision to rejoin Sara and Viera, and facing away from his past with Silvia and Diaz with simultaneous guilt and conviction. His past is behind him, and beyond his decision, he may not know what lies ahead.
    Film Still
    Paulo Martins faces away from lover, Silvia.
    Representative Clip

    This is the art of photography and visual storytelling in a motion picture or television show. Cinematography comprises all on-screen visual elements, including lighting, framing, composition, camera motion, camera angles, film selection, lens choices, depth of field, zoom, focus, color, exposure, and filtration. Cinematography sets and supports the overall look and mood of a film’s visual narrative. Each visual element that appears on screen, a.k.a. the mise-en-scène of a film, can serve and enhance the story—so it is the cinematographer’s responsibility to ensure that every element is cohesive and support the story. Filmmakers often choose to spend the majority of their budget on high-quality cinematography to guarantee that the film will look incredible on the big screen.

    Point of View
    Point of View
    Comments
    Terra em Transe is shot primarily from the objective point of view. Although the viewer feels as though they are placed in the shot, this is due to the use of a handheld camera and eye-level shots, rather than being shot from the point of view of one of the characters. The viewer is a detached observer. In the attached scene, the point of view puts the viewer in the crowd, observing Felipe Vieira soon after he announces his candidacy for the President of Eldorado.
    Timecode
    1:17:34
    Film Still
    Vieira announcing candidacy.
    Quality
    Quality
    Comments
    A common technique in Terra em Transe is the use of zoom. Typically, these shots end in a close up that portrays the strong emotions of one of the characters. In the included scene, Porfirio Diaz professes his allegedly altruistic and religious motives for public service as a politician. The use of zoom captures Diaz holding a cross and closing his eyes as he tilts his head up towards the sky, emphasizing his religious ideals.
    Timecode
    12:17-12:28
    Film Still
    pre-zoom
    post-zoom
    Quality
    Comments
    Most of the scenes in Terra em Transe are shot in deep focus, meaning that almost all of the shot is sharp. The use of deep focus is particularly noticeable in the provided shots, where individuals and backdrops on multiple planes are all in fairly sharp focus. It has the effect of drawing the viewer to the scene as a whole, rather than particular parts of a shot. In Terra em Transe, this allows the viewer to be privy to the whole picture of wealth, politics, corruption and love in Eldorado. For example, in the included shot with Porfirio Diaz and Sílvia dancing, the viewer not only sees the two of them in focus, but also the majestic backdrop of the large, marbled room that symbolizes the sacrifices that Diaz is willing to make for power.
    Timecode
    13:30, 3:46
    Film Still
    Diaz and Sara dancing
    depth of field
    Framing
    Framing
    Comments
    Terra em Transe is mainly filmed at a level angle, with eye-level shots. The use of eye-level shots for much of the film allows spectators to be immersed in the viewing experience as direct and objective observers. The use of eye-level shots in Terra em Transe is particularly effective in crowd shots, where the audience is placed amongst the citizens of Eldorado. In the included scene, citizens celebrate the candidacy of Felipe Vieira for President of Eldorado. The eye-level shot puts the viewer in the scene, celebrating amongst the citizens as well as feeling the angst of Vieira.
    Timecode
    1:17:34
    Film Still
    Crowd shot
    Framing
    Comments
    In addition to eye-level shots, a notable framing technique in Terra em Transe is the use of low-angle shots to demonstrate high status. In both of the examples provided, the man in frame has just gained a major position of power. Porfirio Diaz has just secured his spot as the President of Eldorado, while Felipe Vieira has just won the election for Governor in Alecrim province. The low-angle shots visually demonstrate their newly gained status, making the viewer feel as though they are situated below them and thus emulating a sense of power.
    Timecode
    1:42:21, 25:32
    Film Still
    Diaz
    Vieira
    Scale
    Scale
    Comments
    Long shots are utilized in Terra em Transe to place various characters in different contexts. Although the character is typically hardly visible, often, the surroundings of the characters in these scenes reflect their internal feelings. For example, at the beginning and end of the film, Paulo Martins is depicted against a colorless and featureless desert landscape. This illustrates his own bleak demise, as well as his general cynical attitude towards Eldorado throughout the film. While the long shot doesn’t show his face, the scene captures his feelings in great detail.
    Timecode
    8:55
    Film Still
    Paolo against bleak background.
    Comments
    Medium long shots are the most common scale in Terra em Transe, with most conversations taking place at this distance. The medium long shot allows the characters to interact with their surroundings, providing a more complete picture. For example, in the included scene, Paulo Martins and Sílvia converse on the stairs leading to the grand throne room. The viewer is privy to both their relationship as well as to the lavish life they have been living. With both contexts, it is understood that for Paulo Martins, Sílvia reflects this lavish yet taxing chapter of his life.
    Timecode
    17:02
    Film Still
    Sílvia and Paulo
    Scale
    Comments
    Close ups are very frequently used throughout Terra em Transe. The film primarily uses these shots to establish strong emotions experienced by the characters. In the first example provided, it is fairly evident just from the still that Porfirio Diaz has just experienced betrayal. This scene adds weight to the betrayal committed by Paulo Martins against Diaz when he created the damaging advertisement about him. The close up shot allows his disappointment, sadness and anger to be fully apparent to the viewer. Another example of this technique can be seen shortly after Felipe Vieria’s win in the race for Governor of Alecrim province. As the crowd parades around him, the close up shot puts his joy and relief front and center.
    Timecode
    1:09:21, 24:42
    Film Still
    Diaz betrayal
    Vieira win
    Movement
    Comments
    Handheld cameras are utilized consistently throughout Terra em Transe. This method serves to create a sense of urgency and instability as the camera shakily follows the action. Although a handheld camera is used during much of the film, it is most noticeable in high-energy scenes, such as fights, arguments and dances. The shakiness of the camera immerses the viewer more completely into each scene by portraying heightened emotions not only through the characters and settings, but also through camera work. In the provided scene, Felipe Vieira and his support team are making the difficult decision of whether or not to withdraw from the presidential race after receiving threats from his opposing candidate, Porfirio Diaz. The handheld camera rushes around the group as they deliberate, accurately capturing the urgency and frenzy of the scene for the viewer.
    Timecode
    3:12-3:50
    Film Clip
    Video file
    Movement
    Comments
    In Terra em Transe, panning is often paired with other cinematic techniques in order to provide additional context for viewers. In the first example provided, it is coupled with close-ups. As the camera swivels to different people’s faces, one can gather the grim state of affairs as Felipe Vieira and his party receive heavy threats from Porfirio Diaz. In the second example, rather than showing the whole setting from afar, the camera, turning on its access to capture the whole room, can be closer to the props and characters and thus capture them in more detail. With these examples and others, panning is used carefully and creatively to optimize the viewing experience.
    Timecode
    18:16-33, 5:08-15
    Film Clip
    Video file
    Video file

    Editing is the process of putting a film together–the selection and arrangement of shots and scenes. Editing can condense space and time, emphasize separate elements and bring them together, and organize material in such a way that patterns of meaning become apparent. In addition, editing can determine how a film is perceived: for instance, quick, rapid cuts can create a feeling of tension, while a long take can create a more dramatic effect. The first photoplays generally had no cutting, owing to the fact that they were single-reel films; once filming began, you could not stop until the film ran out. (https://filmglossary.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/term/editing/)

    Coherence, Continuity, and Rhythym
    Comments
    Terra em Transe is shot in the continuity editing style, which results in a clear, smooth storyline. The majority of the film is a flashback, and the story ends right back where it started, with Paulo Martins against a bleak background, about to meet his demise. While the flashback is a central plot point, it doesn’t detract from the continuity of the film as it ties seamlessly into the beginning through carefully crafted editing and transition devices. Further specifics of continuity editing in Terra em Transe can be found under the “Continuity Editing” entry below.

    The rhythm of Terra em Transe is fairly volatile, being fast-paced and frantic at times, while following a slower pace at other times. This variation serves to capture the instability and unpredictability of the political system in Eldorado. The varying rhythm of this film is a prime example of how in cinema, drama and emotion can be represented both through quick action shots as well as through slow zooms and pans. Examples of the different paces of Terra em Transe can be seen under the “Handheld Camera” and “Pan” entries in the “Movement” section of “Cinematography” above. In the “Handheld Camera” clip, the camera moves shakily and rapidly around the group of characters, demonstrating the rapid rhythm that Terra em Transe often reaches. In the second “Pan” clip, the camera slowly surveys a room, serving as a contrast to more fast-paced portions of the film.

    Although changes in the rhythm create a natural sense of discombobulation at times, Terra em Transe is largely coherent, with themes of morality, disillusionment and power being constantly reinforced through cinematography and editing devices such as scale and cuts. Its storyline and character arcs are logical and consistent, as well as being thoroughly explained throughout the film. In fact, as in the included clip, viewers are frequently exposed to Paulo Martins’ internal dialogue, which fills in most gaps about his motivations as well as the important flaws of each politician he has worked under.
    Timecode
    8:19-8:45
    Film Still
    Martins holding up gun
    Film Clip
    Video file
    Editing Style
    Editing Style
    Comments
    Terra em Transe utilizes continuity editing with various transition methods, including match cuts and shot-reverse shots (both of which are discussed in greater detail below under the “Transitions” entry). By making cuts and transitions feel natural, this film allows for a greater emphasis to be placed on the actions, characters and settings rather than the editing. The viewer isn’t usually drawn to cuts, and rather follows the action and progression of the film. In the clip provided, it almost feels as though there aren’t any cuts as the perspective shifts from different angles of the police chase and shooting of Paulo Martins. However, by my calculation, there are about 7 cuts in less than 20 seconds.
    Film Clip
    Video file
    Transitions
    Match
    Comments
    The transitions in Terra em Transe are primarily match cuts, where one action unfolds over multiple, separate, shots that are seamlessly blended together, and shot-reverse-shots in conversational scenes. Shot-reverse-shots are often used in this film to create a sense of conversation occurring, even if the characters aren’t in the same shot. For example, in the first depicted scene (the first two shots) to the right, Paulo Martins and Felipe Vieira are having an intense conversation about some of the grievances that Martins has with Vieira’s approach to governance. Although they are shown only in different shots, a sense of conversation is crafted by alternating shots of the two men, who are both making eye contact with someone who is slightly off screen.

    Within the realm of match cuts in Terra em Transe, many are eyeline match cuts. This means that a character will look off screen and the next shot is of what they are looking at. In the example provided (the last two shots), Felipe Vieira grimly looks past the camera. The next shot is of his political cohort that he had presumably been looking at, pacing in circles and likely discussing the corner that Vieira has been backed into by Porfirio Diaz’s recent threats. In this scene and others, match cuts and shot-reverse shots are used to communicate multiple parts of a scene to viewers from different perspectives. These two fairly simple techniques bring the viewer naturally along with the action and reinforce the film’s continuity editing.
    Timecode
    34:30-35, 3:15-20
    Film Still
    Martins staring at Vieira
    Vieira staring at Martins
    Vieira looking on at cohort
    Cohort
    Expansion and Compression of Time
    Expansion and Compression of Time
    Comments
    Terra em Transe makes use of both long takes and elliptical editing to evoke different senses of time. The film consists of many long conversations and dialogues, and at points, rather than representing them through multiple different cuts, they are represented through one continuous shot. For example, as Porfirio Diaz professes his political and religious ideologies, there are no cuts. The only cinematic technique used is a slow zoom, but during the approximately one-and-a-half-minute speech, only one long take is used. This results in a buildup of tension, and allows the viewer to simply observe and form opinions without the guidance of frequent cuts.

    On the other hand, elliptical editing is used to compress time as characters travel from one place to another. Paulo Martins frequently travels between Porfirio Diaz and Felipe Vieira, but none of this is shown. In the example provided (the two stills), Martins is depicted leaving Sílvia's side and suddenly appearing in Alecrim province. Time is expanded primarily during conversations and speeches while being compressed during travel between locations. These editing decisions have the effect of drawing the audience’s attention to the parts of the film in which time is expanded, and omitting details that are regarded by the filmmakers as unnecessary to witness. Voice and dialogue thus have a major emphasis in the film, and transition stages typically don’t.
    Timecode
    17:31 11:04-12:30
    Film Still
    Martins before leaving
    Martins after leaving
    Film Clip
    Video file
    Editing General Comments
    Comments
    Despite variations in its rhythm, the editing in Terra em Transe is fairly straightforward; there aren’t many complicated transitions or editing styles. The simplicity of the editing lets the setting, characters and story speak for themselves. It also allows for other cinematic techniques, such as an expert use of scale and zoom, to stand out on their own.

    Sound is an integral part in a film. It refers to everything that the audience hears including sound effects, words and music. Sound is used in films for various purposes, including: providing the information to the viewer about the location of the scene, heightening the mood, telling the audience about the characters and advancing the plot. Every person who watches a film realizes that the choice of voices, soundtrack and music present in a film affect the way that the viewer perceives a particular film. As a result, the sound is an important and integral element of the film, one that determines the way that the viewer experiences and understands a film as a visual experience.

    Sound Type

    Narrative analysis is an examination of the story elements, including narrative structure, character, and plot. A narrative can be considered to be the chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time and space. In order to analyze the narrative of a film, we need to first make the distinction between the plot of the film and the story of the film. This is sometimes referred to as the discourse and story of a film. Narrative may also be called the story thought story mainly refers to the events that describe the narrative.

    Plot Comments
    Story Comments
    Narrator Type
    Narrative Structure

    Film genres are various forms or identifiable types, categories, classifications or groups of films. (Genre comes from the French word meaning "kind," "category," or "type"). These provide a convenient way for scriptwriters and film-makers to produce, cast and structure their narratives within a manageable, well-defined framework. Genres also offer the studios an easily 'marketable' product, and give audiences satisfying, expected and predictable choices. Genres refers to recurring, repeating and similar, familiar or instantly-recognizable patterns, styles, themes, syntax, templates, paradigms, motifs, rules or generic conventions.

    Category
    Bibliography

    Rocha, G. (Director). (1967). Terra em transe [Film]. Mapa Filmes; Difilm.