Enamorada

    Movie Poster
    Release year
    1946
    Director
    Emilio Fernández
    Biography of director(s)
    Emilio Fernández was a Mexican film director during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema (La Época de Oro del cine mexicano) and was known as “El Indio” within the film-making community. While Fernández was born in Mexico, he spent some time as an exile in the U.S. He lived in Hollywood in the 1920s and early 1930s, where he was introduced to film and exposed to international cinematic methods. When he was granted amnesty by the Mexican government to return to Mexico in 1934, he brought cinematographic techniques from abroad and the Hollywood model of filmmaking to Mexico. Fernández used these international influences to develop and vastly expand the film industry in Mexico. Most of Fernández films were concerned with presenting the problems of Mexico through emphasizing the themes of indigenousness, nationalism, and agrarianism.
    Country
    Mexico
    Original synopsis of the film

    Enamorada is set during the Mexican Revolution and follows the attempt of a revolutionary general, Juan José Reyes, in winning the love of upper-class beauty Beatriz Peñafiel. Reyes begins the film as a ruthless and macho solider who has taken over the town of Cholula. While mercilessly taking money from the town and sending its inhabitants to the “fusiladoras,” Reyes becomes enamored by Beatriz and insists that he is going to marry her. Beatriz is an independent, and feisty member of the aristocratic class who is engaged to be married to a wealthy U.S. citizen. In several comedic scenes displaying the non-traditional “macha” personality of Beatriz, she rejects Reyes’ advances. As the plot progresses, what connects these two seemingly unlikely individuals together is the Catholic Church. Through the character of the priest, who is both an old-time friend of Reyes and a long-time supporter of Beatriz, he reconciles the differences between Beatriz and Reyes. Reyes learns to relax his militaristic and brute personality, while Beatriz adopts some of the docile femininity characteristic required of the traditional Mexican woman. At the end of the movie, Beatriz leaves her fiancé, and decides to follow after Reyes and his revolutionary troops as a soldadera.

    The narrative is centered around the social transformations caused by the revolution and the divisions between the bourgeoise class and the revolutionary impetus. Furthermore, the characterization of the feminine versus the masculine in this film serves to redefine the national archetype of gender that was purported by Mexican society during the revolutionary era. 

    Film Awards
    Golden Ariel (1947) — Best Picture (Mejor Película) — Emilio Fernández
    Silver Ariel (1947) — Best Direction (Mejor Dirección) — Emilio Fernández
    Silver Ariel (1947) — Best Actress (Mejor Actuación Femenina) — María Félix
    Silver Ariel (1947) — Best New Actor (Mejor Papel Incidental Masculino) — Eduardo Arozamena
    Silver Ariel (1947) — Best Cinematography (Mejor Fotografía) — Gabriel Figueroa
    Silver Ariel (1947) — Best Editing (Mejor Edición) — Gloria Schoemann
    Silver Ariel (1947) — Best Sound (Mejor Sonido) — José B. Carles
    Silver Ariel (1947) — Best Laboratory Work (Mejor Trabajo de Laboratorio)
    Film still
    Juan José Reyes and Beatriz Peñafiel centered in the screen, with the Catholic Church in the background.

    Describes the setting of a scene in a play or a film. It refers to everything placed on the stage or in front of the camera—including people. In other words, mise en scène is a catch-all for everything that contributes to the visual presentation and overall “look” of a production. When translated from French, it means “placing on stage.”

    Setting
    Setting
    Explanation
    Most of the film was shot on location in Puebla, Mexico. An open shot of a vast landscape is characteristic of films produced during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema, as it helps to establish the location of the film and the context that the plot is centered around. From the opening shot of “Enamorada”, the viewers can position the context of the film within the Mexican Revolution as they see a troop of horseback-riding soldiers running into a battle, surrounded by cannon shots.
    Timecode
    00:01:27-00:01:36
    Film Still
    Still of opening sequence. Revolutionary troops ride past the screen.
    Props
    Timecode
    01:04:28-01:04:55
    Prop
    The Catholic Church
    Explanation
    The use of the Catholic Church and the symbol of the cross is evident throughout “Enamorada.” In this still, Beatriz and Reyes are centered in the frame with the church fixed between them in the background. There is an uneasy and almost sexual tension between the two characters, but the chapel’s foreboding presence in the background suggests that this tension will soon be resolved through the church. Every time that the church appears, whether that be through the symbol of the cross or the appearance of the priest, Beatriz and Reyes undergo a character transformation that reconciles their seemingly opposite personalities.
    Film Still
    Juan José Reyes and Beatriz Peñafiel centered in the screen, with the Catholic Church in the background.
    Lighting
    Lighting
    Explanation
    In this still, backlighting illuminates the silhouettes of a revolutionary army as Beatriz hurries down the street in pursuit of her newly acquired love, Juan José Reyes. The high-contrast lighting adds to the dramatism of this moment, as Beatriz is rejecting her upper-class lifestyle to follow Reyes as a soldadera and join the revolutionary cause. This studio lighting positions Beatriz in the background of the shot, a reversal of her position in the first shot of the film where she stood in the foreground. The use of lighting enhances the expressive potential of the film by emphasizing the way in which gender and class relations have been reversed.
    Timecode
    01:34:21-01:34:27
    Film Still
    Beatriz Peñafiel on the street with silhouettes of the revolutionary army on the wall behind her.
    Figure Behavior
    Example
    Beatriz Peñafiel
    Explanation
    This still is the first shot in which the protagonist, Beatriz, makes an appearance. Her presence is very influential for several reasons. First, Beatriz is played by María Félix, an immensely popular actress during the period. The use of the star system in this film helped to generate large crowds and revenue because viewers were fans of María Félix. Secondly, the grouping of characters before the camera conveys a power dynamic that is not typical of society during this era. Beatriz is in the foreground, and her stance combined with the gun that she is holding suggests a position of decisive power. The position of the upper-class gentleman and the priest in the background behind Beatriz is opposed to the typical submissiveness of the female presence. Lastly, the stern and serious facial expression of Beatriz establishes her character as strong, determined, and masculinized. While she does not say much, her presence guides the viewer’s attention to her dominance within the frame.
    Timecode
    00:07:48-00:08:18
    Film Still
    Beatriz Peñafiel holding a gun, looking powerful.
    Example
    Juan José Reyes
    Explanation
    The subjects in “Enamorada” are carefully placed within a pre-existing frame in the shot to direct the viewer’s focus to the subject and convey subtle messages. In this still, Juan José Reyes is positioned between the bars of Beatriz’s balcony. The closed-form frame is carefully composed to represent Reyes’ rejection by Beatriz. The frame acts as a boundary that conveys Reyes’ feelings of being trapped outside of Beatriz’s heart and life, or the bedroom where he wishes to be. Reyes’ position also suggests that he must humble himself to win Beatriz’s love.
    Timecode
    01:17:01-01:18:28
    Film Still
    Juan José Reyes centered between the bars of Beatriz's balcony.
    Representative Clip
    Explanation
    This clip highlights the difference between the machismo of Juan José Reyes and the “macha” attitude of Beatriz that is woven through the entire plot of “Enamorada.” In this scene, upper-class Beatriz walks through the town square where Reyes is with a group of revolutionary troops. As Beatriz approaches, Reyes crassly comments on her beauty and the fact that he can see her legs underneath her skirt. As is in line with Beatriz’s feisty attitude, she slaps Reyes on the cheek because of his comments. Not only does this scene emphasize the theme of gender and class tension in the film, but it also provides some comic relief that is indicative of the screwball comedy genre.
    Timecode
    00:31:35-00:33:30
    Film Still
    Comedic scene between Beatriz and Reyes.

    This is the art of photography and visual storytelling in a motion picture or television show. Cinematography comprises all on-screen visual elements, including lighting, framing, composition, camera motion, camera angles, film selection, lens choices, depth of field, zoom, focus, color, exposure, and filtration. Cinematography sets and supports the overall look and mood of a film’s visual narrative. Each visual element that appears on screen, a.k.a. the mise-en-scène of a film, can serve and enhance the story—so it is the cinematographer’s responsibility to ensure that every element is cohesive and support the story. Filmmakers often choose to spend the majority of their budget on high-quality cinematography to guarantee that the film will look incredible on the big screen.

    Point of View
    Point of View
    Comments
    In “Enamorada,” the objective point of view helps to convey the relationships of class, gender, and society throughout the film. “Enamorada” presents aspects of the immense societal transformation brought about by the Mexican Revolution that cannot be viewed through the eyes of a sole protagonist. The objective perspective allows viewers to see the following: the concept of how gender is restructured; the relationships between the bourgeoisie class, patriarchal values, and the revolutionary impetus; and the role of the church in establishing social cohesion.
    Timecode
    01:06:55-01:07:15
    Film Still
    Still depicting a scene of a conversation between Beatriz and the local priest.
    Quality
    Quality
    Comments
    In this scene, Reyes reluctantly abandons his pursuit of Beatriz because (1) it is the night of her wedding, and (2) he and his troops are about to leave town for their next revolutionary battle. The focus of the bottle of tequila in the scene shifts between sharp and blurred. It is out of focus for the majority of the shot, but as Reyes approaches, the tequila bottle comes into sharp focus and Reyes becomes blurred, particularly as he pours his drink. The use of racking focus helps to convey the emotional state of Reyes as he takes one final shot of tequila, emphasizing the finality and somberness of his decision to abandon his romantic quest for Beatriz.
    Timecode
    01:24:27-01:24:45
    Film Still
    Focus on a bottle of tequila with Reyes walking up to it.
    Framing
    Framing
    Comments
    Several scenes in “Enamorada” utilize the symbol of Beatriz’s balcony as a representation of the distance between Beatriz and Reyes physically, emotionally, ideologically, and societally. The low-angle position of the camera during these scenes establishes several important concepts. First, it conveys Reyes’ position as physically trapped outside of Beatriz’s life and bedroom (i.e., sexually). Secondly, it conveys class and gender relations. Beatriz is a woman from a wealthy upper-class family, which makes her untouchable to a man such as Reyes who is a lower-class revolutionary general. Lastly, the low-angle framing of these shots position Beatriz’s balcony as something that can never be attained unless there is a rupture of the social order. Through this subliminal messaging, Fernández depicts the way in which the Mexican Revolution ushered in social transformations.
    Timecode
    01:01:30-01:01:35
    Film Still
    Reyes looking up to Beatriz' balcony; shot from low angle camera.
    Scale
    Scale
    Comments
    Throughout the film, there are several close-up shots of Reyes’ face that convey his demeanor and personality. At the beginning of the film, the close-up shots of Reyes portray him as cruel, ruthless and overly zealous. However, throughout the film, Reyes eventually learns to relax his militaristic and brutish personality in order to win over the love of Beatriz. Thus, the close-up shots convey the way in which Reyes’ personality changes. By the end of the film, Reyes’ demeanor appears much more relaxed, sympathetic, and in a way, deserving of Beatriz’s love.
    Timecode
    01:05:11-01:05:16
    Film Still
    Close-up of the face of Juan José Reyes.
    Comments
    This extreme close-up of Beatriz’s face adds to the emotional dramatism of the moment when she is deciding whether to marry the wealthy U.S. citizen that she is engaged to, or to follow after Reyes and his revolutionary troops as a soldadera. Outside of Beatriz’s window, Reyes plays a mariachi band to serenade Beatriz. The extreme close-up allows viewers to see the tension and trepidation in Beatriz’s face as she listens to the serenade. She is faced with two options: she can either submit to patriarchal authority and adopt a form of docile femininity to which she is adamantly opposed, or she can reject the upper-class lifestyle she is accustomed to and experience a type of liberation that is found in the ideals of the Mexican Revolution.
    Timecode
    01:15:31-01:15:43
    Film Still
    Extreme close-up of the face of Beatriz Peñafiel.
    Movement
    Movement
    Comments
    The pan in this shot helps to establish both location and context. The shot begins with the camera focused on a sign that reads “1821: Consumación de la independencia,” and slowly pans to a group of revolutionary troops marching past. This technique establishes the location of the plot as set somewhere in Mexico and conveys the context of the film as taking place during the Mexican Revolution. The sign is a reference to the year that Mexico’s independence was granted from Spain in 1821 and foreshadows the disruption of class and social relations that occurred during both these historical events.
    Timecode
    00:03:45–00:04:20
    Film Still
    Camera focused on sign that reads “1821: Consumación de la independencia,” and slowly pans to a group of revolutionary troops marching past.

    Editing is the process of putting a film together–the selection and arrangement of shots and scenes. Editing can condense space and time, emphasize separate elements and bring them together, and organize material in such a way that patterns of meaning become apparent. In addition, editing can determine how a film is perceived: for instance, quick, rapid cuts can create a feeling of tension, while a long take can create a more dramatic effect. The first photoplays generally had no cutting, owing to the fact that they were single-reel films; once filming began, you could not stop until the film ran out. (https://filmglossary.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/term/editing/)

    Coherence, Continuity, and Rhythym
    Comments
    “Enamorada” adopts the classical Hollywood cinema model that uses a smooth and seamless narrative to allow the viewer to observe the film naturally, without much need for deep engagement. The editing techniques and use of camera framing and movement establishes a narrative that is easy flowing and logical. The slow rhythm of the film also adds to the dramatics and emotional moments that are typical of melodramas. Taken together, “Enamorada” is a perfect example of a film made for commercial cinema.
    Editing Style
    Editing Style
    Comments
    The continuity editing used in “Enamorada” brings together several related shots that give viewers the awareness of a consistent story across time and space. The editing style provides a coherent plot where it is easy to see the development of the protagonists over the course of the movie. While there are several cuts in the film, each cut seamlessly transitions to another scene that continues the storyline.
    Expansion and Compression of Time
    Expansion and Compression of Time
    Comments
    The use of overlapping editing of the ending scene of Beatriz’s decision to follow after Reyes and his revolutionary troops extends the dramticism of the moment. Several different cuts demonstrate the implications her decision has on societal and class relations, and gender normatives. First, there is a shot of Reyes riding his horse underneath Beatriz’s empty balcony, reinforcing the differences in class between these two protagonists. The next shot is of the wedding, and as Beatriz begins to sign an official document of marriage, artillery fire interrupts her and her pearl necklace breaks. The spilling of pearls to the ground in this shot emphasizes the break from her upper-class life and the rupture of societal norms (i.e., abandoning the patriarchy and refusing traditional patriarchal values). Beatriz then rushes out of the house in search of Reyes, and the following cuts transition between different angles of revolutionary troops marching out of the city. Beatriz can be seen in the background saying goodbye to her father, illuminated by the silhouettes of the revolutionary troops. The last scene is of Beatriz joining the other soldaderas following the troops. Taken together as a whole, the overlapping editing conveys the rupture of the social order and the rejection of patriarchal values in order to follow after a life that gives Beatriz greater independence and agency. In this, Beatriz is choosing her nation over the life of privilege she once had.
    Timecode
    1:32:35-1:35:32
    Film Still
    Beads from Beatriz' necklace falling onto table.
    Editing General Comments
    Comments
    Transitions — Dissolve

    The dissolve transition between these two scenes conveys power relations within the film and provides context to the plot. The prior scene of revolutionary troops walking into the town transitions to a shot of Reyes sitting on a desk with his leg propped up and a scowl on his face. The framing, character behavior, and mise-en-scéne conveys Reyes’ “macho” and harsh disposition. The dissolve transition establishes Reyes’ role as a revolutionary general by connecting the troops he oversees to his “office,” where he abuses his power by taking money from the town and sending its inhabitants to the “fusiladoras.
    Timecode
    00:05:15–00:05:30
    Film Still
    Dissolve transition from revolutionary troops to Reyes.
    Comments
    Transitions — Shot/Reverse Shot

    This comedic scene is enhanced by the shot and reverse shot transition technique. As Reyes attempts to enter Beatriz’s father's house to express his desire to marry her, Beatriz refuses to let him in. The camera quickly cuts from one side of the door to the other as Beatriz and Reyes exchange blows and comedic insults through the door. The framing and transitions of the scene suggest that the two protagonists are parallels of each other, and through this, they are actually compatible — the machismo of Reyes closely parallels the “manly” behaviors of Beatriz.
    Timecode
    00:57:35-01:01:05
    Film Still
    Comedic, through-the-door exchange between Beatriz and Reyes.
    Comments
    During the Cine de Oro, Mexican cinema adapted and adopted many aspects of the Hollywood filmmaking model. Compositionally, Fernández and the cinematographer he worked with, Gabriel Figueroa, adapted several techniques from Hollywood including the use of low-angle shots, deep focus, framing with foreground figures, and dramatic lighting. One of the crucial elements of the Fernández-Figueroa style is the use of existing objects or figures placed in the foreground as framing devices. These editing and compositional techniques subliminally signal key aspects of Mexican identity and social struggles such as class and ethnic divisions.
    Film Still
    Gabriel Figueroa

    Sound is an integral part in a film. It refers to everything that the audience hears including sound effects, words and music. Sound is used in films for various purposes, including: providing the information to the viewer about the location of the scene, heightening the mood, telling the audience about the characters and advancing the plot. Every person who watches a film realizes that the choice of voices, soundtrack and music present in a film affect the way that the viewer perceives a particular film. As a result, the sound is an important and integral element of the film, one that determines the way that the viewer experiences and understands a film as a visual experience.

    Sound Type
    Sound Type
    Comments
    The sound of the mariachi band serenading Beatriz as she is sleeping in her room is an example of a musical score that adds to the emotional dramatism of the scene. In addition to its role in romanticizing Reyes’ attempt to win over the love of Beatriz, this essential sound of Mexican culture is one of the ways in which Fernández brings Mexican identity into the film.
    Timecode
    01:15:25-1:18:52
    Film Still
    Mariachi band serenading Beatriz.

    Narrative analysis is an examination of the story elements, including narrative structure, character, and plot. A narrative can be considered to be the chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time and space. In order to analyze the narrative of a film, we need to first make the distinction between the plot of the film and the story of the film. This is sometimes referred to as the discourse and story of a film. Narrative may also be called the story thought story mainly refers to the events that describe the narrative.

    Plot Comments
    Comments
    Several aspects of the Hollywood filmmaking model are also adapted in regards to plot, however; Fernández re-works this model to highlight Mexican identity and history. Hollywood’s model of a narrative centered on cause and effect, as well as a goal-oriented protagonist can be seen in the plot of “Enamorada” through Reyes’ romantic quest for Beatriz. Critics have said that “Enamorada” is a reworking of a Hollywood film, "San Francisco" (1936). The characters in “San Francisco” of a gambler, a singer, and a priest can be compared to the characters in “Enamorada" of a revolutionary general, an upper-class beauty, and a priest. Each of these films has a climax that causes the characters to re-evaluate their lives, either through an earthquake in San Francisco, or a revolution in “Enamorada.” However, it can be argued that Fernández “mexicanizes” and re-positions the characters and situations of his film within a Mexican context. The historical context of the Mexican Revolution that is interwoven within the plot is crucial to its delivery of a critique on gender roles, machismo, and the class system in Mexico.
    Story Comments
    Comments
    The story of “Enamorada” emphasizes the way in which divisions between the bourgeoisie class and revolutionary goals brought in social transformations within Mexican society. Although there are aspects of traditional Mexican culture in the film (i.e., the symbol of the church representing patriarchal values), “Enamorada” portrays Mexican society in a unique way. First, “Enamorada” purports the Mexican Revolution as a noble cause that gave dignity to poor and indigienous Mexico. By Beatriz choosing to reject her privileged bourgeois life and join Reyes, she makes a statement about the righteousness of the revolutionary cause as greater than familial ties. Secondly, “Enamorada” portrays an interesting interpretation of gender roles, perhaps even redefining the national archetype of gender that was purported by Mexican society during the 1900’s. In addition to presenting a very independent and masculinzed-version of a female through the character of Beatriz, love’s feminizing effect on both Reyes and Beatriz suggests an attempt to correct both character’s shortcomings through a critique on machismo and femininity.
    Narrative Structure
    Narrative Structure
    Comments
    “Enamorada” has a chronological narrative structure that follows the attempt of a revolutionary general, Juan José Reyes, in winning the love of upper-class beauty Beatriz Peñafiel. Because the film follows the development of both a historical event and the evolution of a relationship, the use of chronological structure provides a simple framework through which these two aspects can be seen. As the plot progresses, the personalities of these two protagonists are reconciled together. Reyes learns to relax his militaristic and rough personality, while Beatriz adopts some of the docile femininity characteristic of the traditional Mexican woman. In addition, this structure demonstrates how political and class tensions slowly break down traditional society as Beatriz decides to reject her bourgeois lifestyle to follow Reyes and join the revolutionary cause.

    Film genres are various forms or identifiable types, categories, classifications or groups of films. (Genre comes from the French word meaning "kind," "category," or "type"). These provide a convenient way for scriptwriters and film-makers to produce, cast and structure their narratives within a manageable, well-defined framework. Genres also offer the studios an easily 'marketable' product, and give audiences satisfying, expected and predictable choices. Genres refers to recurring, repeating and similar, familiar or instantly-recognizable patterns, styles, themes, syntax, templates, paradigms, motifs, rules or generic conventions.

    Category
    Category
    Comments
    “Enamorada” can largely be categorized as a melodrama because of the oppositionality of the protagonists, instances of emotional drama, and its dramatic moments. However, there are several aspects of the film that suggest a connection to the Hollywood genre of screwball comedy. The juxtaposition of the characters of Beatriz and Reyes as they work out their romantic feelings towards each other is evident in the “war of the sexes” dynamic that is common in screwball comedy.
    Film Still
    Beatriz and Reyes